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Sri Lanka has a rich and diverse cultural heritage that dates back thousands of years. At the heart of the island is the Cultural Triangle, a region that covers the ancient cities of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, and Kandy, along with other historical sites such as Dambulla and Sigiriya. This triangle offers a glimpse into Sri Lanka’s grand civilizations, architectural wonders, and religious importance. A journey through the Cultural Triangle is an astonishing experience that reveals the timeless traditions of Sri Lanka.
What is the Cultural Triangle Sri Lanka?
The Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka is the historical region that includes three main ancient cities, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, and Kandy, along with Dambulla and Sigiriya. These are UNESCO World Heritage Sites home to ancient temples, stupas, and ancient castle ruins offering a glimpse into the cultural importance of the island. This is where you will see some of the majestic remnants of Sri Lanka’s wonderful past; make sure you plan a Sri Lanka itinerary including a visit to the Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka.
Anuradhapura: The Sacred City
The first kingdom of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which is founded in the 4th century BCE. It thrived as a center of political and religious values of the island for over an era. Today, Anuradhapura is renowned for its well-preserved relics, ancient monasteries, and stupas, reflecting the majesty of early Sri Lankan civilization. Anuradhapura is an admired pilgrimage site, inviting thousands of pilgrims and history enthusiasts year round.
Main Attractions in Anuradhapura:
- Sri Maha Bodhi: This holy fig tree in Anuradhapura is from a cutting of the original Bodhi tree under which the Lord Buddha achieved enlightenment
- Ruwanwelisaya: Highly worshipped stupa built by King Dutugemunu in the 2nd century BCE
- Jetavanaramaya: This Stupa is one of the tallest stupas in the world, showcasing the architectural skill of ancient Sri Lankans
- Abhayagiri Monastery: A massive monastic complex that once served as a center for Theravāda and Mahāyāna Buddhism
Polonnaruwa: The Medieval Wonder
After the fall of the Anuradhapura era, Polonnaruwa rose to become Sri Lanka’s second majestic capital between the 11th and 13th centuries. The city signifies the golden age of Sinhalese civilization, when great irrigation systems, grand forts, and artistic superiority were showcased. Polonnaruwa is a witness to Sri Lanka’s resilience and flexibility, conserving a rich heritage that merges Hindu and Buddhist influences.
Main Attractions in Polonnaruwa:
- Gal Viharaya: This rock-carved religious place features four stunning Rock Buddha statues, revealing the excellent craftsmanship of early sculptors
- Parakrama Samudraya: A massive man-made reservoir under the leadership of King Parakramabahu, showing the innovative irrigation techniques of ancient times
- Royal Palace: This was a seven-story palace of King Parakramabahu, which takes a glimpse into the magnificence of medieval Sri Lankan monarchs
- Vatadage: A round-shaped relic house that once preserved the sacred Tooth Relic, exhibiting complex stone carvings
Sigiriya: The Grand Rock Fortress
Sigiriya is an amazing rock fortress that rises vibrantly from the central plains of Sri Lanka. It was built in the 5th century CE by King Kashyapa as his palace. This striking marvel showcases a mix of natural beauty and human inventiveness, making it a highly visited and respected site in Sri Lanka.
Main Attractions of Sigiriya:
- Lion’s Paw Entrance: The massive lion paws at the entrance of the fortress showcase grandeur and power
- Mirror Wall: It was a perfectly polished wall at that time to produce a reflection on the plaster
- Frescoes: The western wall of Sigiriya features women’s portraits showcasing female beauty
- Water Gardens: Symmetrical gardens at Sigiriya reveal the innovative hydraulic engineering talents of ancient Sri Lankans
Dambulla: The Cave Temple
Dambulla Cave Temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which is a well-preserved cave temple in Asia. This sacred temple features over 150 Buddha statues and vibrant murals. Dambulla remains a momentous pilgrimage destination, attracting visitors from everywhere to witness the profound religious traditions of the nation.
Main Attractions in Dambulla:
- Golden Buddha Statue: The temple has an iconic 30-meter-tall golden Buddha statue
- Cave Shrines: Five main caves with vivid paintings and sculptures of Buddha, along with Hindu gods and spiritual beings
- Panoramic Views: The high location shoots stunning views, adding to the spiritual quality
Kandy: The Last Kingdom, Home to Sacred Tooth Relic
Kandy is a vibrant city home to the valued Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa). Surrounded by lush hills, Kandy serves as the cultural soul of the island. Kandy represents the spirit of Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage, preserving traditions.
Main Attractions in Kandy:
- Temple of the Tooth Relic: The Sacred Temple of Tooth houses the tooth relic of Lord Buddha, drawing visitors from around the world
- Kandy Lake: A scenic lake built by King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe offers a peaceful reward to visitors come to Kandy
- Kandy Esala Perahera: A grand cultural festival conducted by Sri Dalada Maligawa featuring traditional drummers, dancers, and richly dressed elephants in honor of the Sacred Tooth Relic. This takes place annually in Kandy in July- August
- Peradeniya Botanical Gardens: A beautiful and grand garden spread over 147 acres with a varied collection of flora, together with an iconic orchid collection
What is the best way to get around the Cultural Triangle?
- Public Transport: You can use Public transport like buses and trains to reach your destination. There are plenty of buses to travel on but they can be quite crowded, even the trains too
- Vehicle Rentals: It is convenient to have a vehicle with a driver to explore comfortably, especially when taking your time
- Bike or Tuk Tuk Rentals: It is best to take your own space comfortably and conveniently to reach historical sites in Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa
What is the Best Time to Visit the Cultural Triangle?
The best time to visit the Cultural Triangle in Sri Lanka is between December and April. In these months, the weather is dry and pleasing for outside activities. But consider planning your visit between May and September if you prefer fewer crowds. However, occasional rainfall is expected in this period. Ensure you are ready for that too.
Will you visit the Cultural Triangle?
The Cultural Triangle of Sri Lanka represents the island’s proud history, holiness, and architectural excellence. From the revered ruins of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa to the majestic rock fortress of Sigiriya to peaceful Kandy, the city tells a story of the historic period that remains to mesmerize travelers. Exploring the Cultural Triangle is more than a ride through golden cities but an opportunity to be educated with the artistic triumphs, deep-rooted traditions, and religious importance of Sri Lanka.
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